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Analysing cultural perceptions and attitudes towards beauty
Cover image for Analysing cultural perceptions and attitudes towards beauty
Rachael Radvanyi, Prue Gill, Rita van Haren
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Beauty is in the eye of the beholder
Cover image for Analysing cultural perceptions and attitudes towards beauty
Rachael Radvanyi, Prue Gill, Rita van Haren



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This is a literacy based learning element with a focus on developing awareness and understanding of the cultural and social factors that influence individual perspectives.    

Knowledge Domain
English
Scope of Learning
aesthetics, critical literacy and constructing an argument
Learning Level
Age 15-16
Prior Knowledge
narrative structure, visual images and critical literacy, essay writing
Standard Url:
http://activated.act.edu.au/ectl/framework.htm
Description:

The 2007 ACT curriculum framework, Every chance to learn, provides public and non-government schools in the Australian Capital territory in Australia with the curriculum framework on which to base their school curriculum plans from preschool to year 10 (ages 4years - 16 years)

The curriculum framework comprises 10 curriculum principles to guide curriculum decision-making in schools and 25 Essential Learning Achievements that identify what is essential for all ACT students to know, understand, value and be able to do.

The curriculum framework is designed to ensure that all ACT students, from preschool to year 10, are provided with a comprehensive and balanced curriculum.

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In this learning element you will read and discuss a range of written and visual texts.  The focus will be on developing an understanding of the way in which social and cultural factors influence and inform human behavior, leading to individual differences.  

Knowledge Domain
English
Scope of Learning
aesthetics, critical literacy and constructing an argument
Learning Level
Age 15-16
Prior Knowledge
narrative structure, visual images and critical literacy, essay writing

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As a result of completing this Learning Element, students will be able to:
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As a result of completing this Learning Element, you will be able to:
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ELA 5: The student contributes to group effectiveness

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

5.LA.3 Undertake a range of specific roles in formal groups or teams.

5.LA.8 Identify and negotiate group goals and priorities, set timelines and plan, matching the strengths and capabilities of group members for the most effective results.


 

The student contributes to group effectiveness

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

Participate in a range of specific roles in small groups.

The group identifies and negotiates roles and delegates tasks, they select and implement timely strategies to improve their own and the group’s achievement of a goal.

 

 

 


 

ELA 9: The student reads effectively

 

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

9.LA.10  Read and interpret a range of sophisticated information and argument texts in printed and electronic formats.   

9.LA.13 Draw conclusions about the main idea or position of information and argument texts, and identify and evaluate the quality of the supporting information, explanation or evidence.

9.LA.15  Respond to texts analytically.

 

The student reads effectively

 

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

Effectively read sophisticated information and argumentive texts about social and cultural views of beauty. Compare, contrast, categorise and synthesise information from different texts to revise and refine your understandings and respond to texts analytically.

 

 

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ELA 10: The student writes effectively

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the assessment of this learning element

10.LA.9 Write for personal and reflective purposes.


The student writes effectively

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

 

ELA 15: The student communicates with intercultural understanding

 Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

15.LA.7    Question and evaluate cultural assumptions held by others.

15.LA.11  Temporarily set aside their own cultural frames of reference, including feelings, ideas and opinions, and use empathy to understand the perspectives of others.

 

ELA 15: The student communicates with intercultural understanding

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

Students demonstrate an understanding of culture and how it shapes identity. They are able to consciously set aside their own cultural frame of reference in order to understand the perspectives of others. 

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ELA 11: The student critically interprets and creates texts

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

11.LA.12  Identify ways an event or issue is portrayed and discuss possible consequences.

11.LA.15  Create texts that deal with ideas and issues where they would like to effect change or persuade a general or specific audience to change their point of view or take action.


 

 

The student critically interprets and creates texts

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

The student evaluates the ways in which communication modes in texts are used to appeal to and influence different audiences. They evaluate and challenge cultural assumptions and power relationships in texts. They use these understandings to create original texts to present alternative viewpoints and portrayals of people, social issues and events and to persuade an audience to change their point of view or to take action.

 

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ELA 10: The student writes effectively

 

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

10.LA.8 Structure information or argument texts with: an introduction stating their own position or the major perspectives on an issue and a preview of arguments or information to follow; appropriate selections of information synthesised from several sources and organised in a logical way with a major point and some elaboration to each paragraph; and a conclusion restating their position or a summary of the main arguments, issues or recommendations.

 

10.LA.11 Use concrete, technical, abstract and emotive words to argue, persuade or convey information.

 

10.LA.13  Reflect on their writing throughout the writing process, evaluate the clarity of their message and adjust the organisation of ideas and language, as necessary, to communicate their precise meaning to the intended audience. 

 

 

 

 

The student writes effectively

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

Write a sustained information and argument texts that contains personal, social and cultural ideas related to their own lives, communities and expanding views of the world. Topics explored and developed in writing for an intended audience.  Information and ideas are synthesised from a variety of sources to support their views and persuasive devices are used to influence their audience. They undertake all aspects of the writing process to ensure subject matter, organisation and language, including grammar, spelling and punctuation, suit the purpose for writing and the needs of the intended audience.

 

ELA 8: The student listens and speaks with purpose and effect

Criteria/Essential content: What is important in the asessment of this learning element

8.LA.4      Listen and speak in discussions, conversations and oral presentations, including meetings, extended presentations, formal debates and group discussions

8.LA.9      Compare ideas, build on others’ ideas, provide other points of view and reach conclusions that take account of aspects of an issue.

8.LA.11    Identify and comment on omissions in information and identify and explore moral and ethical dimensions of an issue.

 

The student listens and speaks with purpose and effect

Quality: What does it look like when it is done well

Students listen and speak in discussions, using active listening strategies, monitoring their own attentiveness and responding thoughtfully to what speakers have to say. They compare ideas, build on others’ ideas, advance and refute arguments and draw conclusions based on evidence and reasoning. 

 


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Learning Activity 1:
Exploring how beauty can be defined

In small groups students rank a dataset of visual images in order; placing them on the table in a row to show the most beautiful image to least beautiful image.   Using the gallery walk strategy they then look at the rankings given by other groups in the class. Ask them to leave feedback for other groups, based on similarities, differences or interesting points that they notice.  

The data includes pictures of people from different age groups and cultures, art, the natural environment, acts of humanity, technology and built environments. 

After reading the feedback on their own cards, students write a journal reflection on the process.   Questions are framed to prompt studets to think about the different opinions and responses of others in the class.  As the purpose of this activity is to prompt students to notice that beauty is defined differently by different people.

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Learning Activity 1:
What is beautiful?

With your group rank a dataset of visual images in order; most beautiful to least beautiful.   Look at the rankings given by other groups in the class.   Using the 'post-it' notes leave feedback for the other groups.   Identify similarities, differences or interesting points.  

Read  the feedback on your  cards and write a journal reflection about the process.   Consider: 

Which cards did you rank as most and least beautiful and why?

Why did your group define beauty in this way?

Why did your group's responses differ to that of the other groups in the class?

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Learning Activity 2:
Categorising types of beauty

Using the silent card shuffle, students categorise the pictures into a least five different types of beauty.   These might include people, art, architecture and natural world.  

Students then record the categories in their books.  

Silent Card Shuffle - working in small groups, the students place the cards into categories.   They are not permitted to speak during this activity and must rely on non-verbal communication.  

This activity helps students develp a sense of the quality of beauty beyond the human physical form.   

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Learning Activity 2:
What kinds of beauty are there?

Categorise the pictures into a least five different types of beauty.   These might include people, art, architecture and natural world.  

Record and define the categories in your books.  

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Learning Activity 3:
Making a personal definition of beauty

Drawing on the thinking and discussions from previous activities, students create their own definiton of beauty.  

Using the think/pair/ share strategy they collaborate to write a group definition.  Each group definition can then be shared with the whole class.

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Learning Activity 3:
What is your defintion of beauty?

Write your own definiton of beauty.  

Share your definition with your partner and then your group.   Work out a group definiton of beauty.  

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Learning Activity 4:
Aesthetics and cultural perception of beauty

Students view and discuss a Powerpoint presentation which introduces the study of beauty through aesthetics and and gives them an overview of different cultural perceptions of beauty.

Using the class wiki they share their responses to the topic by posting a definition of beauty and an example which they have found online.  They also respond to the posts of other students using the wiki discussion forum.  

This activity is designed to introduce students to the metalanguage of aesthetics and some of the philosophical issues and debates surrounding the search for a defined quality of beauty.

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Learning Activity 4:
Studying beauty through different cultural lenses

Watch and discuss the presentation about the study of beauty and different cultural perceptions of beauty.  

Reflect on this topic by sharing your own definition and example of beauty on the class Wiki.   Comment on the posts of at least three other students.  

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Learning Activity 5:
Looking in more depth at different cultural beauty practices

Using the expert groups strategy students read and respond to a dataset about beauty practices from different cultural and historical perspectives.     

Each group is given a resource pack relating to a different practice.   By reading, discussing and taking notes on this information they become the class experts on that topic.   Topics covered by this activity could include:    

  • Karan tribe neck rings
  • Maori Tattoos
  • Chinese foot binding
  • African scarification
  • Victorian corsets
  • Modern body modification practices
  • History of western beauty practices

New groups are then formed consisting of one person from each of the original groups.   The students then teach each other about their topics of expertise.  

This strategy is quick way to cover large areas of content and provide students with a broad overview of a topic.

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Learning Activity 5:
What do people do to look beautiful in different times and places?

With your group read and look at the information you have been given about a cultural beauty practice.   Your group is going to become the class experts on that practice.    Decide what you need to teach the rest of the class.   

When your teacher puts you into a new group you will become the expert on that practice.   Your job is to present what you learnt to the students in your new group.    

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Learning Activity 6:
What function do these cultural practices have in different societies?

Using a PMI chart students discuss the purpose that these beautification customs have within the societies where they are practiced.

By thinking in terms of Plus, Minus and Interesting they have to think beyond their own personal viewpoints and identify reasons that different cultures adhere to different practices.


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Learning Activity 6:
What effects do these practices have on the societies where they are practiced?

Discuss the purpose that these beautification customs have within the societies where they are practiced.   

Use the PMI chart to guide and record your discussion.

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Learning Activity 7:
So what about our cultural view of human beauty?

Using a split Y-chart students identify and define our society's cultural perceptions of human beauty from both positive and negative viewpoints.  

split Y-Chart

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Learning Activity 7:
So what about our cultural view of human beauty?

Use the split Y-chart identify to analyse the perceptions of human beauty in our culture.

What are the positive and negative sides of what it looks like, feels like and sounds like?

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Learning Activity 8:
Analysing visual grammar

Students view a data set of images and short videos showing the way in which cosmetics and digital photography are used to enhance the appearance of models and celebrities.   

Analsye the way in which the visual texts have been constructed by using the metalanguage of field, mode and tenor.

The field includes the action, what’s going on, themes, topics, setting and processes. 

The mode is the mode of communication. It may be linguistic, visual, audio, gestural and spatial.

Tenor involves evaluating the text to understand how it impacts on an audience, especially how it might position an audience or make them respond with judgement or emotion.  

This activity makes the students look closely at the text to describe what they see and gives them a language to talk about the ‘grammar’ of the texts as we move later activities.  

 

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Learning Activity 8:
Is what we see real?

View the data set of images and short videos showing the way in which cosmetics and digital photography are used to enhance the appearance of models and celebrities.  

Use the retrieval chart to analyse the field, mode and tenor of the images.   

Mode  Field  Tenor  

Shot type eg closeup

                    

                    

 


Colour
   
Framing    
Gaze    
Lighting    

 

 

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Learning Activity 9:
Why does the media present an altered reality?

After looking at the images students use a cause and effect map to consider why our society is presented with images of beautiful people that have been deliberately altered.  

This is a lead in to getting them to think critically about the issues in the next activity.  

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Learning Activity 9:
Why does the media present an altered reality?

Using the cause and effect map think about why our society is presented with so many altered images of people.  

What causes this practice and what is its effect on our society?

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Learning Activity 10:
Chasing beauty - who wins and who loses?

Students discuss our cultural view and pursuit of beauty, with a particular focus on who wins and who loses in a Socratic Dialogue.   

Using the causes identified in the previous activity the rank them in order from most to least powerful and most to least ethical.  

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Learning Activity 10:
Chasing beauty - who wins and who loses?

Discuss our cultural view and pursuit of beauty, with a particular focus on who wins and who loses in a Socratic Dialogue.   

Consider:Who has the most powerful influence on society?  Who how has the least influence?

Who acts least ethically?  

Remember that you must be able to justify your responses.  

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Learning Activity 11:
Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder

Introduce essay topic "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".   Students discuss the meaning of the topic in groups, using a placemat to record their responses.   

When completing this activity students should be able to draw from the their thoughts and discussions from the previous activities.  

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Learning Activity 11:
Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder

Using the placemat with your group, define the essay topic "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".  

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Learning Activity 12:
Concept map - Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder

Students create a concept map around the central theme "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".   Around the central theme they list broad points and ideas which relate to this topic.   From each broad idea they then list more specific points or subordinate concepts.  Concepts and and subordinate concepts are linked with lines and words to show their connections.   

This activity enables students to review and organise their ideas and knowledge.   The map is a useful reference that the students can use when planning their essays.    

 

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Learning Activity 12:
Concept map - Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder

Create a concept map around the central theme "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".  

Refer to this when planning and writing your essay.  

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Learning Activity 13:
Essay writing revision

To revise essay writing strucure students work in small groups to construct a flowchart which identifies and outlines the essay writing process, the features of an essay and the functions of those features.   

The flow charts can be displayed around the room for use in subsequent lessons.    

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Learning Activity 13:
So... how do you structure an essay again?

Working in a small groups design and draw a flow chart which shows the steps that must be followed when writing an essay.   Remember to show each part of the essay and describe what its functions are.  

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Learning Activity 14:
Write an essay

Students use their notes from class activities and the concept map constructed in the previous activity to plan and then write an essay based on the topic "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".

They can also refer to their flowcharts and where necessary use scaffolds to assist them formulate a strucured approach to the essay.

 Criteria Quality Rubric

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Learning Activity 14:
Write an essay

Using your notes from class activities and your concept map to plan and write an essay on the topic "Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder".

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Learning Activity 15:
So, what is beauty?

Students create a multimodal presentation about beauty and post it on the class wiki.   It can contain images, quotes, music, video and and comments about beauty.  

Each student must then comment of 5 or more presentations from other students.  

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Learning Activity 15:
Your final thoughts...

So what is beautiful to you?  

Can beauty be defined?

What important issues surround the concept of beauty?

What message about beauty do you wish to pass on to others?

Create a multimodal presentation about beauty and post it on the class wiki.  

Comment of 5 or more presentations from other students.  


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As a result of completing this Learning Element, students can demostrate that they are able to:
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As a result of completing this Learning Element, you will show that you can:
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Wiki Reflection

Students use the class wiki to reflect on the ideas and concepts covered in class.   They must record their own reflections and comment on the reflections of at least three other students. 

Wiki Reflection

Reflect on the concepts covered in class through the class wiki.   Read the responses of other members of the class and make sure that you leave comments for at least three of them.  

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Participation in group discussions

Use of graphic organisers to summarise, sort and categorise information.  

This includes the:

Silent card shuffle

Y-chart

Concept Map 

 

Participation in group discussions

 

Use of graphic organisers to summarise, sort and categorise information.  

This includes the:

Silent card shuffle

Y-chart

Concept Map 

 

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Socratic Dialogue
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Essay, journal and wiki reflections

ELAS 10: Write effectively

ELA 11: Critically interpret and create texts

Students write reflective journal and wiki entries in response to issues and texts discussed in class. Explicit criteria and high expectations are communicated through the CQ (Criteria/Quality) rubrics.

Essay

Criteria: What is valuable in this task?

  • Incorporate the language features of information texts
  • Follow the structure of a formal essay
  • use language to persuade, inform and convey a point of view


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Students go on to study functional grammar in visual and literary texts.   They also explore themes of culture and identity through the texts "Deadly Unna", "To Kill a Mockingbird", the short film "Between the Flags and Shakespeare's "Hamlet".

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The study of texts which explore social and cultural influences on identity are supported by this learning element.    


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Description

In this learning element students will explore and discusss social and cultural assumptions and values that underpin the notion of beauty.  The activities are designed to develop the students' ability to understand and identify individual viewpoints and the various factors that influence them. 

 

Knowledge Domain
English
Topic
aesthetics, critical literacy and constructing an argument
Learning Level
Age 15-16
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Description

In this learning element you will explore and discuss social and cultural assumptions and values that are used to construct the idea of what is beautiful.      

 

Knowledge Domain
English
Topic
aesthetics, critical literacy and constructing an argument
Learning Level
Age 15-16

Author: Rachael Radvanyi
Affiliation: Lanyon High School
Position: School Leader C
Short Biography:

I lead teachers in the development of curriculum in  English and Studies of Society and Environment.  I have been working with the Learning by Design framework for a number of years and we now use it to design, document and implement all our curriculum.    

 I am also currently undertaking a Masters of Education at the University of Illinois.

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Author: Prue Gill
Affiliation: Lanyon High School
Position: English/SOSE Teacher
Short Biography:

Prue is in the 3rd year of teaching and during this time has worked in the Lanyon Cluster of Schools with the Learning by Design Framework. Prue is currently undertaking her Masters of New Learning through the University of Illinois.

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Author: Rita van Haren
Affiliation: Lanyon Cluster of Schools
Position: Cluster Deputy Principal
Short Biography:

I work with teachers in a group of five schools focusing on curriculum and pedagogy. I am currently undertaking a masters of education at the University of Illinois. I am also involved on the national and local councils of the Australian Association for the Teaching of English.

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